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Long-term emotional consequences may include depressive rumination, increased feelings of self-doubt and inadequacy, increased feelings of aloneness and isolation from their peers, increased sensitivity to signs of suicidal risk, increased concern over one’s competence to treat, as well as increased feelings of anxiety of helplessness when doing so (Alexander, Klein, Gray, Dewar, & Eagles, 2000 Ellis & Patel, 2012 Hendin, Lipschitz, Maltsberger, Haas, & Wynecoop, 2000 Mitchell, Gale, Garand, & Wesner, 2003 Thomyangkoon & Leenaars, 2008).
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Looking at the long-term impact of client suicide, MPH’s are likely to be subject to both far-reaching personal and professional consequences. As such, client suicide seems to elicit symptomatology comparable to what we see when one loses a parent (Chemtob et al., 1988 Greenberg & Shefler, 2014). Research suggests about 50% of psychologists and social workers who have experienced client suicide go on to display post-traumatic stress symptoms such as intrusive thoughts, avoidant behavior toward potential suicidal clients, sleep disturbances, irritability, difficulty managing life events, and emotional burnout (Chemtob, Hamada, Bauer, Kinney, & Torigoe, 1988 Dransart, Gutjahr, Gulfi, Didisheim, & Séguin, 2014 Ellis & Patel, 2012 Ting et al., 2006). Feelings of distress, depression, anger at the client and/or agency/society, guilt, shame, a profound sense of responsibility, failure, and feelings of incompetence soon follow (Ting, Sanders, Jacobson, & Power, 2006). In the immediate aftermath of client suicide, MHPs are reported to experience emotions of shock, disbelief, confusion, and denial (Kleespies, Smith, & Becker, 1990). To no surprise, 97% of clinicians claim client suicide to be their greatest fear (Ellis & Patel, 2012), as client suicide can have far-reaching consequences for psychologists, psychiatrists, nurses, general practitioners, and social workers, alike. Incidence rates vary depending on the geographical area of interest, with 30–80% of MHPs in Belgium, the U.S., Ireland, and Australia, as well as approximately 98% of MHPs in Slovenia who indicate to have lost a client to suicide (Finlayson & Simmonds, 2018 Grad, Zavasnik, & Groleger, 1997 Greenberg & Shefler, 2014 Landers, O'Brien, & Phelan, 2010 Rothes, Scheerder, Van Audenhove, & Henriques, 2013). Unfortunately, client suicides are not uncommon in clinical practice. Client suicide is used to refer to cases where a mental health practitioner (MHP) is exposed, affected, or bereaved by a client’s suicide (Ellis & Patel, 2012).